编者按上海建领城达律师事务所主任周吉高律师接受国际知名法律评级机构The Legal 500的邀请，撰写建设工程国别指南（中国篇）。近日，The Legal 500已正式在其官网发布该指南。“建领城达”公众号将对该指南的全部内容进行分期推送，本文为第三期，以飨读者！

Financing and security

融资与担保

Q12：How are projects typically financed?

项目通常如何融资？

A12:At present, the main types of project financing in the construction engineering industry are as follows.

目前，建设工程行业的项目融资方式主要有以下几类：

a)Debt-based financing (bank credit)

（1） 债权型融资（银行信贷）

b)Equity-based financing (equity investment funds)

（2） 股权型融资（股权投资基金）

c)Mezzanine financing (REITs)

（3） 夹层融资（REITs）

d)PPP structures (TOT BOT)

（4） PPP结构（TOT BOT）

Q13:What kind of security is available for employers, e.g. performance bonds, advance payment bonds, parent company guarantees? How long are these typically held for? 

雇主可获得何种担保，例如履约保函、预付款保函、母公司担保等？这些担保的担保期限通常是多长？

A13: Guarantees that can be obtained by the employer include, but are not limited to, performance bonds, advance payment guarantees and parent company guarantees. Typically, performance bonds and parent company guarantees expire on the date of completion and acceptance of the project and the issuance of a certificate of completion. Prepayment guarantees expire when all prepayments have been paid.

雇主能够获得的担保包括但不限于履约担保、预付款担保以及母公司担保。通常，履约保证金以及母公司担保的期限为在项目竣工验收并出具竣工验收证明之日到期。预付款担保的期限在所有预付款项付清之后结束。

Payment

支付

Q14:Is there any specific legislation relating to payment in the industry?

是否有关于本行业支付的特别立法？

A14:There is no special legislation on the payment of the construction industry, and the parties to the construction project market usually make the payment as agreed in the contract.

没有关于施工行业支付的特别立法，建设工程市场参与主体各方通常按照合同约定进行支付。

Q15:Are pay-when-paid clauses (i.e clauses permitting payment to be made by a contractor only when it has been paid by the employer) permitted? Are they commonly used?

是否允许背靠背条款（即：只有在承包商获得业主付款的情况下才对下游付款的条款）？背靠背条款是否常用？

A15:The use of pay-when-paid clauses in payment for construction projects is not prohibited by our law and is more common in construction projects, especially in construction subcontracts.

我国法律并未禁止在建设工程项目支付时采用背靠背条款，在建设工程项目中较为常见，尤其是建设工程分包合同。

Q16:Do your contracts contain retention provisions and, if so, how do they operate?

合同中是否包括质保金条款？如有，是如何操作的？

A16:The warranty clause is more common in China's construction contracts and mainly contains the following but parts.

质保金条款在我国的建设工程合同中较为常见，主要包含以下但部分：

a) Total amount: the total amount of the warranty is generally 3%-5% of the total contract price.

1． 总额：质保金总额一般为合同总价的3%-5%。

b) Form: the warranty is usually reserved directly from the contract price.

2． 形式：质保金通常直接从合同价款中进行保留。

c) Period: usually agreed to be returned within two years after the settlement of the project.

3． 期限：通常约定在工程结算后两年内返还。

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