Lexology GTDT “2022年建设工程专章问答”·第一期

信息来源：建领城达所　 时间：2022-07-12　 作者：建领城达所

编者按

上海建领城达律师事务所主任周吉高律师受邀为国际知名法律咨询平台Lexology GTDT担任“建设工程专章问答”独家撰稿人。“建领城达”公众号将对问答内容进行分期推送，本文为第一期。

Lexology GTDT是国际知名的法律咨询门户网站，通过与超过900家世界顶级律师事务所和法律服务提供方的合作，汇集了超过80个业务领域、150个重要司法辖区的专家撰写的独家法律信息资源。Lexology GTDT 的“市场动态”系列专访有助于读者了解全球主要司法辖区法律和监管环境的演变情况。

建领城达律师事务所主任、首席合伙人：周吉高。复旦大学法律硕士、中国科学院工学硕士、同济大学工学学士。兼任中华全国律师协会建设工程与房地产专业委员会副主任、国家发改委及财政部PPP“双库专家”等社会职务。擅长建设工程、房地产领域的各类专业法律服务。累计为70余家施工企业、70余家房地产公司（集团）提供建筑房地产专业法律服务。

凭借在建设工程领域的高胜诉率、客户满意度和市场口碑，周吉高律师连续多年被钱伯斯、The Legal 500、Benchmark Litigation等国际知名法律评级机构评为推荐律师。

local market

Question1：Foreign pursuit of the local market

外国企业欲进入中国市场

If a foreign designer or contractor wanted to set up an operation to pursue the local market (an office, supervisory as well as support staff) what are the key concerns they should consider before taking such a step?

如果外国的设计公司或承包商想要在中国开展业务以开拓中国市场（建立一个有监管人员以及辅助人员的办事处），那么在采取这一步骤之前，他们应该关注哪些关键问题？

Response1:A foreign designer or contractor should consider the key issues, such as whether to meet market access conditions, how to set up operations and get qualified. 

外国设计公司或承包商应当考虑是否满足市场准入条件、如何设立实体以及获得资质等关键问题。

To be detailed, (i) if a foreign designer or contractor wants to pursue the China market, it shall ascertain whether the target business is prohibited by the Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment (2020); 

1. 如果外国的设计公司或承包商希望在中国开展相应业务，需先明确目标业务是否被《外商投资准入特别管理措施（2020 年版）》所禁止；

(ii) a foreign contractor shall set up operations in accordance with the requirements of the Administrative Measures for the Registration of Production and Business Operation Conducted by Enterprises of Foreign Countries (Regions) within the Territory of China, and obtain relevant licenses to get qualified according to the Qualification Standards for Construction Enterprises; 

2. 承包商应按照《外国（地区）企业在中国境内从事生产经营活动登记管理办法》的要求，在中国设立相应主体，并依据《建筑业企业资质标准》取得相应资质许可。

(iii) there is no need for a foreign designer to be licensed, but shall operate jointly with a domestic designer, and the scope of the qualification is limited to that of the domestic designer.

3. 如果是外国设计公司则无需注册实体，但是必须与国内设计公司联合设计，且资质以国内设计公司的资质为限。

Regulation and compliance

Question2：Licensing procedures

许可程序

Must foreign designers and contractors be licensed locally to work and, if so, what are the consequences of working without a licence？

外国设计公司和承包商必须在当地获得许可证吗？如果是，没有许可证作业的后果是什么？

Response2:According to Article 4 of the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Foreign Enterprises Engaged in Construction Engineering Design Activities in the People's Republic of China, there is no need for a foreign designer to be licensed, but shall operate jointly with a domestic designer, and the scope of the qualification is limited to that of the domestic designer.

1. 根据《关于外国企业在中华人民共和国境内从事建设工程设计活动的管理暂行规定》第4条，外国设计公司无需获得资质许可，但是必须与国内设计公司联合设计，且以国内设计公司的资质为限。

A foreign contractor must be licensed to work in China.

但是外国承包商必须在当地获得资质许可。

According to Article 65 of the Construction Law and Article 60 of the Regulations on Quality Management of Construction Projects, if the contractor is not qualified for construction, it will be prohibited in the market and be imposed a fine of 2% to 4% of the contract price, and all of its illegal income will be confiscated.

2. 根据《中华人民共和国建筑法》第65条及《建设工程质量管理条例》第60条规定，承包商没有资质施工的，将被取缔，并处合同价款2%以上4%以下的罚款，没收违法所得。

Question3：Competition

竞争

Do local laws provide any advantage to domestic contractors in competition with foreign contractors?

在与外国承包商的竞争中，当地法律是否为国内承包商提供了任何优势？

Response3:If foreign contractors have already entered into market, Chinese laws do not provide any advantage to domestic contractors in competition.

中国法律没有对国内承包商提供优势。

Question4：Competition protections

保护竞争

What legal protections exist to ensure fair and open competition to secure contracts with public entities, and to prevent bid rigging or other anti-competitive behaviour?

有哪些法律保障与公共机构签订合同是公平和公开竞争的，并且还可防止串标或者其他反竞争行为？

Response4:In this response, the public entities here mainly refer to government departments and state-owned enterprises. 

According to Article 3 of the Official Reply on the Provisions on Construction Projects Where a Bidding Is Legally Required, all or part of the projects invested by state-owned funds or financed by the public entities shall be legally required to take a bid. Legal instruments, such as the Bidding Law and the Regulation on the Implementation of the Bidding Law, will ensure fair and open competition to secure contracts with public entities.

1.这里的公共机构主要是政府部门和国有企业。根据《必须招标的工程项目规定》第3条规定，全部或者部分使用国有资金投资或者国家融资的项目，属于依法必须进行招标的项目。《招标投标法》以及《招标投标法实施条例》等法律可以保障与公共机构签订合同是公平和公开竞争的。

Bid rigging and other anti-competitive behaviour are prohibited in the Bidding Law, the Government Procurement Law, the Anti-Unfair Competition Law, the Measures for Bidding and Bidding of Construction Projects and the Criminal Law. If such behaviour exists, relevant punitive provisions will apply.

2.《招标投标法》《政府采购法》《反不正当竞争法》《工程建设项目施工招标投标办法》《刑法》均明确禁止串通投标行为，通过惩罚性规定来防止串标。

Question5：Bribery

贿赂

If a contractor has illegally obtained the award of a contract, for example by bribery, will the contract be enforceable? Are bribe-givers and bribe-takers prosecuted and, if so, what are the penalties they face? Are facilitation payments (payments to encourage a public official to perform their duty in a more time efficient manner) allowable under local law?

如果承包商通过贿赂等方式非法签订了合同，合同是否能够得到履行？

行贿者和受贿者是否将面临刑事诉讼，如果被诉，他们将面临怎样的处罚？

当地法律是否允许提供便利费（鼓励公职人员以更具时效性的方式履行职责的费用）？

Response5:According to Article 153 of the Civil Code, a contract signed by a contractor by bribery is invalid, which will not be binding on any party and shall not be performed.

1.根据《民法典》第153条，承包商以贿赂方式签订的合同当属无效合同，对合同各方无约束力，不必履行。

According to Articles 163-164, Article383, Article 385-391 and Article 393 of the Criminal Law, both bribe-givers and bribe-takers shall be prosecuted when the amount concerned reaches the lowest requirements in accordance with the Judicial Interpretation on the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases of Embezzlement and Bribery. If prosecuted, the bribe-givers and bribe-takers may be sentenced to imprisonment (less than 3 years to life) or criminal detention with fines.

2.根据《中华人民共和国刑法》第163条、164条、383条、385条、386条、387条、388条、389条、390条、391条、393条规定，行贿者及受贿者都可能面临刑事诉讼，但是刑事处罚的量刑数额较大，也即《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》规定的有相应情节1万元以上或无相应情节3万元以上，才入罪量刑。

入罪的行贿者最低将被判处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处罚金。最高将被判处无期徒刑，并处罚金或者没收财产。

入罪的受贿者最低将被判处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处罚金。最高将被判处死刑。

Under Chinese laws, no facilitation payment is allowed.

3.中国法律不允许公职人员收受任何便利费。

Question6：Reporting bribery

举报贿赂

Under local law must employees of the project team members report suspicion or knowledge of bribery of government employees and, if so, what are the penalties for failure to report?

根据当地法律，项目团队成员的员工若对政府员工受贿有所怀疑或知情的，是否必须报告？如果是，对不报告的处罚是什么？

Response:Under Chinese laws, there is no provision requiring employees to make such report.

没有相关规定。