Lexology GTDT “2022年建设工程专章问答”·第二期

信息来源：建领城达所　 时间：2022-07-29　 作者：建领城达所

编者按

上海建领城达律师事务所主任周吉高律师受邀为国际知名法律咨询平台Lexology GTDT担任“建设工程专章问答”独家撰稿人。“建领城达”公众号将对问答内容进行分期推送，本文为第二期。

Lexology GTDT是国际知名的法律咨询门户网站，通过与超过900家世界顶级律师事务所和法律服务提供方的合作，汇集了超过80个业务领域、150个重要司法辖区的专家撰写的独家法律信息资源。Lexology GTDT 的“市场动态”系列专访有助于读者了解全球主要司法辖区法律和监管环境的演变情况。

建领城达律师事务所主任、首席合伙人：周吉高。复旦大学法律硕士、中国科学院工学硕士、同济大学工学学士。兼任中华全国律师协会建设工程与房地产专业委员会副主任、国家发改委及财政部PPP“双库专家”等社会职务。擅长建设工程、房地产领域的各类专业法律服务。累计为70余家施工企业、70余家房地产公司（集团）提供建筑房地产专业法律服务。

凭借在建设工程领域的高胜诉率、客户满意度和市场口碑，周吉高律师连续多年被钱伯斯、The Legal 500、Benchmark Litigation等国际知名法律评级机构评为推荐律师。

Regulation and compliance

Question7：Political contributions

政治性捐献

Is the making of political contributions part of doing business? If so, are there laws that restrict the ability of contractors or design professionals to work for public agencies because of their financial support for political candidates or parties?

政治性捐献是否构成开展业务的组成部分？如果是，法律是否会因为其为政治候选人或政党提供财政支持，而对承包商或设计人员为公共机构开展工作施加限制？

Response7:Making political contributions is not part of doing business in China. Under Chinese laws, any entity or person is not allowed to pursue illegitimate interests by making contributions to others.

政治性捐献不是在中国开展业务的组成部分。中国法律不允许通过向单位和个人提供财物或者其他非法利益，以谋取不正当利益。

Question8：Compliance

合规

Is a construction manager or other construction professional acting as a public entity's representative or agent on a project (and its employees) subject to the same anti-corruption and compliance rules (such as a prohibition against accepting ‘things of value’, conflicts of interest, etc) as government employees? 

作为公共实体的代表或代理人的施工项目经理或其他施工项目专业人员(及其雇员)，是否需要遵守与公务员相同的反腐败和合规规则(如禁止接受“有价值的东西”、利益冲突等)？

Response8:A construction manager or other construction professional acting as a public entity's representative or agent on a project (and its employees) are not subject to the same anti-corruption and compliance rules as government employees, but they still shall abide by Chinese laws and are prohibited to accept others’ assets to help seek benefits illegally. (See Article 163 and Article 385 of the Criminal Law)

作为公共实体的代表或代理人的施工项目经理或其他施工项目专业人员(及其雇员)与公务员的反腐败和合规规则有所不同，但是仍然需要遵守中国法律，禁止收受非法财物、为他人谋取不正当利益。《中华人民共和国刑法》第163条和第385条分别规定了“非国家工作人员受贿罪”与“受贿罪”。如果公司、企业或者其他单位的工作人员利用职务上的便利，索取他人财物或者非法收受他人财物，为他人谋取利益，数额较大，将构成非国家工作人员受贿罪；如果国家工作人员、国有公司、企业中从事公务的人员和国有公司、企业委派到非国有公司、企业从事公务的人员利用职务上的便利，索取他人财物，或者非法收受他人财物，为他人谋取利益的行为，将构成受贿罪。 

Question9：Other international legal considerations

其他涉外法律障碍

Are there any other important legal issues that may present obstacles to a foreign contractor attempting to do business in your jurisdiction?

是否存在可能会阻碍外国承包商到贵国法域开展业务的其他重要法律问题？

Response9:

Foreign contractors may meet obstacles in access to market and obtainment of business license and qualification. To be detailed, 

外国承包商可能在市场准入、取得营业执照、取得资质方面存在障碍。

(i) if a foreign contractor wants to carry out business in China, it shall ascertain whether the target business is prohibited by the  Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for the Access of Foreign Investment (2020);

1. 如果外国承包商希望在中国开展相应业务，需先明确拟开展的业务是否被《外商投资准入特别管理措施（2020 年版）》所禁止；

(ii) a foreign contractor shall set up operations in accordance with the requirements of the Administrative Measures for the Registration of Production and Business Operation Conducted by Enterprises of Foreign Countries (Regions) within the Territory of China, and obtain relevant licenses to get qualified according to the Qualification Standards for Construction Enterprises.

2. 按照《外国（地区）企业在中国境内从事生产经营活动登记管理办法》的要求，在中国设立相应主体，并依据《建筑业企业资质标准》取得相应资质许可。

Contracts and insurance

Question10：Construction contracts 

建设工程合同

What standard contract forms are used for construction and design? Must the language of the contract be the local language? Are there restrictions on choice of law and the venue for dispute resolution? 

对于施工和设计，采用什么标准合同形式？

合同语言必须是当地语言吗？

是否存在对法律选择和争议解决地点的限制？

Response10:To improve contract management in the field of construction, many standard contract forms have been issued at the national level, such as General Contract of Construction Project (Model Text) (GF-2020-0216), Construction Contract (Model Text) (GF-2017-0201), Model Text of Design Contract (Professional Construction Project) (GF-2015-0210). These forms are recommended to be used for construction and design.

第一，国家层面为完善建设工程领域的合同制定和管理，出台了许多示范文本。例如：《建设项目工程总承包合同（示范文本）》（GF-2020-0216）、《建设工程施工合同(范本文本)》(GF-2017-0201)、《建设工程设计合同示范文本(专业建设工程)》(GF-2015-0210)、《建设工程设计合同示范文本(房屋建筑工程)》(GF-2015-0209)。这些示范文本是推荐性的。

The language of the contract does not have to be Chinese, but according to Article 789 of the Civil Code, a construction contract must be formed in writing.

第二，合同语言不一定必须采用中文，但是根据《民法典》第789条规定，建设工程合同必须以书面方式订立。 

According to Article of 6 of the Judicial Interpretation of the Law on Choice of Law for Foreign-Related Civil Relationships (I), unless there exist foreign elements, parties to a construction contract cannot choose foreign laws and venues for dispute resolution out of China.

第三，根据《涉外民事关系法律适用法司法解释》第六条：“中华人民共和国法律没有明确规定当事人可以选择涉外民事关系适用的法律，当事人选择适用法律的，人民法院应认定该选择无效。”因此如果合同没有涉外因素，当事人只能约定境内仲裁或境内法院管辖，并且当事人没有法律选择的权利，只能适用中华人民共和国法律。

Question11：Payment methods

支付方式

How are contractors, subcontractors, vendors and workers typically paid (by cheque, electronic payment or cash) and is there a standard frequency for payments?

承包商、分包商、供应商和工人通常如何获得报酬(通过支票、电子支付或现金)，是否存在有关付款频率的标准要求？

Response11:Contractors, subcontractors and vendors are typically be paid electronically, via check, via cash and etc. According to Article 11 of the Regulation on Ensuring Wage Payment to Migrant Workers, wages of construction workers shall be paid in monetary form by bank transfer or cash, and shall not be replaced by other forms such as physical assets or securities.

1. 承包商、分包商、供应商通常可以通过电子支付、支票或者现金等多种方式获得报酬。《保障农民工工资支付条例》第11条，建筑工人工资应当以货币形式，通过银行转账或者现金支付给农民工本人，不得以实物或者有价证券等其他形式替代。

There is no legal requirement on payment frequency and payment shall be made in accordance with the contract.

2. 没有有关付款频率标准要求，付款义务人应当依据建设工程合同中约定的时间节点进行付款。

Question12：Contractual matrix of international projects

国际项目合同矩阵 

What is the typical contractual matrix for a major project in your jurisdiction in terms of the contractual relationships among the various construction project participants? (For example, do owners contract directly with contractors or do they contract through construction managers to trade contractors?)

就各种建筑项目参与者之间的合同关系而言，您管辖范围内主要项目的典型合同矩阵是什么？(比如业主是直接和承包商签约还是通过施工经理签约交易承包商？)

Response12:The employers practically sign contracts directly with contractors in projects.

业主通常直接与承包商签订国际工程合同。

Question13：PPP and PFI

PPP和PFI

Is there a formal statutory and regulatory framework for PPP (public-private partnership) and PFI (private finance initiative) contracts?

PPP合同和私人融资倡议合同是否有正式的法律和监管框架？

Response13:Until now, there are no laws on PPP and PFI in China. In 2017, the State Council promulgated the Regulations on Cooperation between Government and Social Capital in Infrastructure and Public Services (Draft for Comment), which has not yet been effective. 

中国目前未出台有关PPP和PFI的法律。国务院于2017年公布了《基础设施和公共服务领域政府和社会资本合作条例（征求意见稿）》，尚未正式出台。

However, the relevant state ministries and commissions have successively issued some normative documents and guiding documents to promote PPP construction, which has formed a regulatory framework. (See http://www.cpppc.org/zcfg.jhtml)

但是，国家相关部委先后发布了一些推动PPP建设的规范性文件和指导性文件（请参见官方网址：http://www.cpppc.org/zcfg.jhtml）