国家发改委及财政部 PPP双库专家、上海建领城达律师事务所首席合伙人周吉高律师、高级合伙人王敏律师以及负责PPP业务板块的合伙人李瑞升律师受邀作为独家撰稿人,为国际知名法律咨询平台Lexology GTDT撰写《2023年PPP专章问答(中国篇)》。“建领城达”公众号将对问答内容进行分期推送,本文为第二期。
Lexology GTDT是国际知名的法律咨询门户网站,通过与超过900家世界顶级律师事务所和法律服务提供方的合作,汇集了超过80个业务领域、150个重要司法辖区的专家撰写的独家法律信息资源。Lexology GTDT 的“市场动态”系列专访有助于读者了解全球主要司法辖区法律和监管环境的演变情况。
建领城达律师事务所主任、首席合伙人:周吉高,复旦大学法律硕士、中国科学院工学硕士、同济大学工学学士。兼任中华全国律师协会建设工程与房地产专业委员会副主任、国家发改委及财政部PPP“双库专家”等社会职务。擅长建设工程、房地产领域的各类专业法律服务。累计为70余家施工企业、70余家房地产公司(集团)提供建筑房地产专业法律服务。凭借在建设工程领域的高胜诉率、客户满意度和市场口碑,周吉高律师连续多年被钱伯斯、The Legal 500、Benchmark Litigation等国际知名法律评级机构评为推荐律师。
建领城达律师事务所高级合伙人、业务一部部长王敏律师,九三学社社员,法学学士。具备十五年以上的公司法务和律师工作经历,为多家世界500强企业、金融机构、国有上市和大型房地产公司、建筑施工企业提供诉讼及非诉法律服务。现致力于建设工程、房地产、金融担保领域法律服务,成功代理了多起疑难、复杂的工程诉讼与仲裁案件(包括申请再审案件),对案件办理过程中的疑难问题进行过深入研究,并就这些问题公开发表过多篇实务文章,现任上海国际经济贸易仲裁委员会(上海国际仲裁中心)仲裁员、上海仲裁委员会仲裁员、海南国际仲裁院仲裁员、南通仲裁委员会仲裁员、上海律师协会建设工程与基础设施业务研究委员会委员等。
建领城达律师事务所合伙人、业务四部部长李瑞升律师,先后在中国政法大学和北京大学获得法学学士和法学硕士学位,长期为承包商提供各类投融建(含PPP)项目的法律咨询服务和纠纷解决服务,以及工程合同纠纷案件代理服务。2021年,李瑞升律师获得ENR/建筑时报“最值得推荐的中国工程法律60位专业律师”奖项。
Remuneration
酬金
Question6:How is the private party in a PPP remunerated in your jurisdiction? (Is the private party’s remuneration dependent on usage of the facility, or does the contracting authority make ‘availability payments’?)
问题6:在贵国管辖范围内,政府和社会资本合作模式下的社会资本方是如何获得报酬的?(社会资本方的报酬是否取决于设施的使用情况,或者签订合同的权力机关是否以 "可用性支付"的方式结算酬金?)
Response6:It includes three modes: government payment mode, user payment mode and feasibility gap subsidy mode. The government payment model applies to non-operating projects that do not generate cash flow. The user payment model is applicable to operational projects that generate sufficient cash flow, and the project cash flow can basically cover the project cost and reasonable income. The feasibility gap subsidy model is in between, which is applicable to semi-operational projects that generate certain cash flow. Although there is user payment, it is not enough to cover all the costs and reasonable benefits of the project, and the insufficient part is paid by the government through subsidies.
回答6:包括三种模式:政府付费模式、使用者付费模式和可行性缺口补助模式。政府付费模式适用于不产生现金流的非经营性项目。使用者付费模式适用于产生充分现金流的经营性项目,且项目现金流基本可以完全覆盖项目成本及合理收益。可行性缺口补助模式介于两者之间,适用于产生一定现金流的半经营性项目,虽有使用者付费但不足以覆盖项目的全部成本及合理收益,不足的部分由政府通过补助的方式支付。
Sharing revenue and usage risk
共担收入与使用风险
Question7:May revenue risk or usage risk be shared between the private party and the government? How is risk shared?
问题7:社会资本方和政府方之间是否共担了收入风险或使用风险?风险是如何被分担的?
Response7:In general, the income and use risks are borne by the social investor, but for user payment projects and feasibility gap subsidy projects, the minimum demand risks are borne by the government. For example, in waste incineration projects, if the social capital party cannot obtain sufficient amount of waste from the market, treatment costs below the standard part are subsidized by the government.
回答7:通常情况下收入和使用风险由社会资本方承担,但对于使用者付费项目和可行性缺口补助项目,最低需求风险由政府方承担。例如,垃圾焚烧项目中,如果社会资本方无法从市场获得足量的垃圾,低于标准部分的垃圾对应的处理费用由政府方补贴。
Government payment obligations
政府支付义务
Question8:In situations where the private party is compensated in whole or in part through availability or other periodic payments from the government, are the payment obligations of the government subject to the relevant legislative body approving budgetary funding in the future?
问题8:在社会资本方通过政府的可用性或其他周期性付款获得全部或部分补偿的情况下,未来政府的支付义务是否须由相关立法机构批准预算资金?
Response8:Yes.According to the Budget Law, all types of expenditures (including PPP expenditures) by governments at all levels in China need to be arranged through budgets and shall be approved by the legislature (The people's Congress or its standing Committee) at the corresponding level.
回答8:是的。按照《预算法》,中国各级政府的各类支出(包括PPP支出)均需通过预算安排,并由相应级别的立法机关(人民代表大会或其常务委员会)批准。
Rate of return caps
回报率上限
Question9:Is there any cap on the rate of return that may be earned by the private party in the PPP transaction?
问题9:社会资本在 PPP 交易中可获得的回报率是否有上限?
Response9:There is a cap, which is calculated and set by the government before the project is put to tender.
回答9:存在上限,由政府在项目招标前进行核算并设定上限。
Restriction of ownership transfer
所有权转让限制
Question10:Is the transfer of direct or indirect ownership interests in the project company or other participants restricted?
问题10:对项目公司或其他参与方的直接或间接所有权利益的转让是否受到限制?
Response10:Restrictions exist. For the social capital shareholders of the project company, internal and external equity transfers are usually not allowed during the construction period, and it requires the prior consent of the government during the operation period. Under special circumstances, the government may allow social capital shareholders to transfer equity or increase capital of the project company in order to introduce financial investors during the construction period.
回答10:存在限制。对于项目公司的社会资本方股东,建设期内通常不允许转让股权(不论对外或对内),运营期内转让股权(不论对外或对内)需要经过政府方的事先同意。特殊情况下,政府方在建设期内会允许社会资本方股东为引入财务投资人而对外转让股权或项目公司增资。